Rabbi Sacks Embraces Fundamentalism in Pursuit of Justice and Truth

Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, a prominent figure in modern Orthodox Judaism, expressed a willingness to embrace the label of “fundamentalist” in the context of his commitment to truth, justice, and kindness. His perspective challenges conventional notions of fundamentalism, positioning it not as a rigid adherence to dogma, but as a passionate dedication to core ethical values.

Rabbi Sacks, who passed away in 2020, taught that religion should not seek political power but rather aim for a significant, non-coercive influence on the hearts and minds of the faithful. He noted the importance of Israel in Jewish life, viewing the state as a potential beginning of redemption but cautioning against placing undue theological emphasis on its existence. According to Rabbi Sacks, the sovereignty and independence of Israel depend on the community’s ability to uphold the highest ideals of their faith and ethics.

In his critiques, Rabbi Sacks stood against ultra-Orthodox fundamentalism, which dismisses the significance of the State of Israel. He argued that this viewpoint is a profound insensitivity to what he considered miraculous occurrences in Jewish history. His stance raises a pivotal question: does opposing certain forms of fundamentalism make one a moderate, or can one assert firm beliefs while embracing a broader understanding?

Challenging Moderation in the Face of Injustice

The issue of moderation in religious discourse has been highlighted by figures such as the civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. King famously criticized the “white moderate,” asserting that such individuals could impede progress toward racial justice. He argued that in the face of injustice, moderation could reflect a failure to recognize urgency.

Rabbi Sacks’s approach aligns with this perspective. He believed that a commitment to justice requires an active stance against oppression, even when such positions may be uncomfortable or controversial. Ben Shapiro, a contemporary commentator, has similarly criticized modern Orthodox leadership for their moderate responses to societal changes, particularly regarding issues of marriage equality. Shapiro’s views suggest that Judaism should not only tolerate certain behaviors but actively oppose them.

While Shapiro’s interpretations challenge mainstream views, Rabbi Sacks emphasized the importance of balancing truth and kindness. He articulated a vision of Judaism that is fervent in its commitment to ethical values without resorting to coercive measures. This fundamentalism, as he defined it, is rooted in a deep respect for dialogue and understanding, urging adherents to listen and engage with differing perspectives.

Rabbi Sacks maintained that true engagement with the truth requires humility. He believed that the only real victory in debate comes from recognizing when one has been bested by the truth itself. This process necessitates an openness to others’ viewpoints, fostering a discourse that values kindness and respect.

The Legacy of Rabbi Sacks and Ongoing Conversations

The teachings of Rabbi Sacks underscore the idea that religious fundamentalism can coexist with a commitment to peace and understanding. He believed that through rigorous debate and study, one could learn to appreciate multiple sides of an issue, finding common ground amid disagreement. This capacity for empathy and the pursuit of justice are at the heart of his interpretation of a fundamentalist approach to Judaism.

In honor of his legacy, Rabbi Professor Sam Lebens will lead a session titled “Rabbi Sacks & the Scholars” on November 9, 2023, at LSJS. This course aims to explore Rabbi Sacks’s intellectual contributions and their relevance today, marking the fifth anniversary of his passing. Professor Lebens teaches philosophy at Haifa University and is co-editor of an upcoming volume dedicated to Rabbi Sacks’s work.

The discussions surrounding Rabbi Sacks’s interpretation of fundamentalism continue to resonate, inviting reflection on how religious values can inform responses to contemporary societal challenges. As communities navigate complex issues, the question remains: what kind of fundamentalism will guide their actions in the pursuit of justice and truth?