Embracing Stoicism: Ancient Insights for Modern Retirement

As individuals approach retirement, they often experience a blend of anticipation and uncertainty about this significant life transition. Drawing inspiration from the wisdom of ancient philosophers, particularly the Stoics, may provide valuable guidance during this time. Stoicism, a philosophy practiced by figures such as Marcus Aurelius, emphasizes self-control and resilience, highlighting the importance of focusing on what one can manage rather than external circumstances.

The teachings of Stoicism resonate with many facing retirement, which can feel like standing on the edge of a new chapter. According to Ryan Holiday, a bestselling author and advocate of Stoic philosophy, “A Stoic doesn’t control what happens, but focuses on how they respond to what happens.” This perspective encourages individuals to cultivate mental strength during challenging times, such as financial uncertainty or health issues.

Research shows that a significant percentage of Americans feel in control of their retirement savings. According to US Bank’s 2025 Wealth Report, about 76% of respondents express confidence in their financial planning. Yet, the same report reveals deeper anxieties, with 80% fearing the costs associated with retirement. Financial experts like Melissa Caro, CFP®, founder of My Retirement Network, observe that many clients experience panic during market volatility, prompting them to make hasty decisions.

Caro advises individuals to concentrate on controllable factors, such as withdrawal timing and spending habits. This focus aligns with findings from Texas Tech University, which indicate that personality traits play a crucial role in successful retirement management. Individuals characterized by confidence and emotional steadiness tend to exhibit more sustainable financial behaviors compared to those prone to anxiety or impulsiveness.

Prepare for Challenges with Premeditation

Stoic philosophy encourages individuals to anticipate potential hardships through a practice known as “premeditatio malorum,” or premeditation of evils. This mental exercise involves envisioning possible adversities, allowing individuals to prepare emotionally and mentally. As Seneca noted, “It is better to conquer grief than to deceive it.”

Retirees today may face various challenges, including longer lifespans and associated health care costs. Research from J.P. Morgan Asset Management indicates that for non-smoking couples aged 65, there is approximately a 73% chance that at least one partner will live to 90. While longevity is a positive outcome, it necessitates careful planning for health and financial needs.

Mitchell Kraus, CFP®, co-founder of Capital Intelligence Associates, emphasizes the importance of proactive planning. He suggests preparing for scenarios, such as long-term care, in advance rather than waiting for crises to arise. Approximately 70% of Americans aged 65 and older are expected to need some form of long-term care, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Finding Meaning and Simplicity in Retirement

The Stoics believed that a fulfilling life is rooted in purpose rather than mere pleasure. This distinction is significant for retirees who may grapple with identity shifts after leaving a long career. Studies have shown that retirement can enhance an individual’s sense of purpose, but this outcome often requires intentional restructuring of daily activities.

Financial adviser Katrina Soelter, CFP®, encourages clients to reflect on their priorities, asking questions such as, “What will they look back on in 15 years and be grateful they did?” By identifying meaningful pursuits, individuals can create a fulfilling retirement that resonates with their values and aspirations.

Moreover, Stoicism advocates for simplicity. As Seneca articulated, “It is not the man who has too little, but the man who craves more, that is poor.” Retirement may tempt individuals to either expand their experiences or pare back unessential obligations. Research has shown that adopting a simpler lifestyle often leads to increased happiness and satisfaction.

In practical terms, this might involve downsizing a home, streamlining finances, or decluttering one’s life. Soelter advises simplifying the number of financial accounts to enhance clarity and ease of management.

Acknowledge Impermanence and Plan Ahead

Stoic thinkers like Epictetus often reflected on the inevitability of change and mortality, using these thoughts to deepen their appreciation for the present. The concept of “memento mori,” or “remember that you will die,” serves as a poignant reminder of life’s transience.

Modern research supports the idea that contemplating mortality can lead to increased gratitude and improved well-being. Yet, many individuals avoid confronting these realities. According to Trust & Will’s 2025 Estate Planning Report, more than half of Americans lack an estate plan, underscoring the need for proactive planning.

As people transition into retirement, they are encouraged to consider the impermanence of life. Recognizing that priorities and health will evolve can facilitate more intentional decisions regarding time, finances, and care for loved ones.

Marcus Aurelius encapsulated this sentiment, stating, “You could leave life right now. Let that determine what you do and say and think.” By integrating Stoic principles, individuals can navigate their retirement journey with greater confidence and clarity, transforming a potentially daunting transition into an opportunity for growth and fulfillment.